Respondents

The scope of the survey is all persons living in metropolitan France (except those living in institutions such as hospitals, retirement homes, etc.). The respondents were selected from those enumerated in the 2018 census. Specifically, only certain areas were chosen, both in rural and urban areas. These areas were chosen to represent the entire territory and correspond to the working perimeter of INSEE interviewers.

Five distinct groups are surveyed: 

• immigrants, i.e. people born abroad (’first generation’) ;
• children born in France to one or two immigrant parent(s) (’second generation’)
• people born in a French overseas department;
• people born in metropolitan France to one or two parent(s) born in a French overseas department;
• people who do not belong to any of the above groups (’majority population’), some of whom have migratory ancestry and are of particular interest to TeO2: people who have at least one parent who was born French abroad, including in a former colony (’children of French nationals abroad’); grandchildren of immigrant(s) (’third generation’).

For the samples of immigrants and descendants of immigrants, the oversampling of certain origins will enable detailed analyses on the following groups: Southern Europe (Portugal, Spain and Italy); North Africa (Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria); Turkey; South-East Asia (Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam); China; Sahelian Africa (Senegal, Mauritania, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Chad); Guinean or Central Africa (Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Equatorial Guinea)

This list responds to the willingness to ensure a comparison with the TeO1 survey while taking into account the demographic changes in French society. It will make it possible to provide new knowledge on lesser-known groups.

In order to measure the impact of origins on social trajectories and access to resources over generations, the TeO2 questionnaire makes it possible to identify the ’3rd generation’, i.e. individuals who, although neither immigrants nor children of immigrants, have at least one immigrant grandparent. In particular, the aim is to find out whether the inequalities observed for the second generation, of non-European origin, are maintained or disappear in the following generation. This research question is based on the findings of the TeO1 survey: the socio-economic situation, the perception of discrimination and the ’denial of Frenchness’ of children born in France to at least one parent of North African, Sub-Saharan African, Asian or Turkish origin improved little or even deteriorated in comparison with immigrants of the same origin. The aim is also to shed light on the situations of discrimination or racism experienced by part of the majority population in the first survey, which could be explained by the presence, within this population, of people of older migratory origin.

In the TeO2 survey, the introduction of questions on the nationality at birth and country of birth of the respondents’ four grandparents makes it possible to identify grandchildren of immigrants, the so-called “3rd generation”. TeO2 is not the first official statistics survey to identify grandchildren of immigrants: the CNAV’s PRI survey (Retirement of Immigrants) has already collected information from immigrants on their grandchildren.